He aha te Pūwero Whakakore Aunoa, ā, me pēhea te mahi?

I roto i te ao hauora o te ao, ko te whakarite i te haumaru i te wā e werohia ana he poutokomanawa mō te hauora tūmatanui. Kei roto i ngā mahi auaha nui o tēnei mara ko te pūwero aunoa-whakakore - he taputapu hauora motuhake i hangaia hei aro atu ki tētahi o ngā mōrearea tino nui i roto i ngā tikanga hauora: te whakamahi anō i ngā pūwero. Hei wāhanga nui o te ao houngā taonga rongoā e pau ana, ko te mārama ki te tikanga o te werohanga AD, tōna rerekētanga mai i ngā momo werohanga tuku iho, me tōna tūranga i roto i ngā pūnaha hauora puta noa i te ao, he mea nui ki ngā tohunga i roto i ngā mekameka tuku hauora, i ngā whare hauora, me ngā kaupapa hauora tūmatanui.

He aha te Pūwero Whakakore Aunoa?

An werowero aunoa (AD)he ngira whakamahi-kotahi tēnei, he mea hanga ki te pūnaha kua whakauruhia hei whakakore i te taputapu i muri i te whakamahinga kotahi. He rerekē tēnei i te paerewangā werowero whakakorekore, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tikanga a te kaiwhakamahi hei ārai i te whakamahinga anō, ka maukati aunoa, ka rerekē rānei te āhua o te ngira AD i muri i te pēhanga katoa o te pūwero, ā, kāore e taea te utu, te werohanga rānei i te wai mō te wā tuarua.
I whakawhanakehia tēnei auahatanga hei whakautu i te horapa whakamataku o ngā mate toto—pērā i te HIV, te hepatitis B, me te C—nā te whakamahinga anō o ngā werohanga i roto i ngā wāhi iti-rauemi, nā te hapa rānei a te tangata. I ēnei rā, e mōhiotia ana ngā werohanga whakakore aunoa hei paerewa koura i roto i ngā kaupapa werohanga, ngā kaupapa hauora whaea, me ngā āhuatanga hauora katoa e tino hiahiatia ana te aukati i te whakawhiti-paru. Hei taonga rongoā matua, kua whakauruhia whānuitia ēnei ki roto i ngā mekameka tuku hauora o te ao hei whakarei ake i te haumaru o ngā tūroro me ngā kaimahi hauora.

Te Pūwero Mono-Aunoa me te Pūwero Noa: Ngā Rerekētanga Matua

Hei te maioha ki te uara oNgā werohanga AD, he mea nui kia whakatauritea ēnei ki ngā ngira whakamahi noa:
Mōrearea Whakamahi Anō:He mea hanga te ngira whakamahi noa mō te whakamahinga kotahi engari kāore he ārai kua hangaia ki roto. I ngā wāhi mahi pukumahi, i ngā rohe rānei he iti noa ngā taputapu hauora, mā ngā mahi whakaiti utu, mā te hapa rānei ka taea te whakamahi anō i ngā wā katoa, i ngā wā rānei e hiahiatia ana. He rerekē, mā te ngira whakakore aunoa ka whakakorea katoatia tēnei mōrearea mā tōna hoahoa ā-ringa.
Tikanga:Ko ngā werowero paerewa e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi hanganga pūwero-me-te-para māmā e taea ai te mahi tonu mēnā ka horoia (ahakoa kāore tēnei i te haumaru). Ka tāpirihia e ngā werowero AD tētahi āhuatanga raka—he maha ngā wā he topenga, he puna, he wāhanga whakarerekē rānei—ka whakahohehia ina tae te pūwero ki te mutunga o tana whiu, ka kore ai e nekeneke te pūwero.
Te Whakaritenga TureHe maha ngā whakahaere hauora o te ao, tae atu ki te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao (WHO), e taunaki ana kia whakakorea aunoa ngā ngira mō ngā werohanga werohanga me ngā werohanga mōrearea nui. Kāore ngā ngira tuku noa e tutuki i ēnei paerewa haumaru tino pakari, ā, kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i ngā ngira AD i roto i ngā whatunga tuku hauora e tutuki ana i ngā ture.
Utu vs. Uara Wā Roa:Ahakoa he nui ake te utu tīmatanga mō ngā werohanga AD i ngā werohanga tuku noa, nā te mea he kaha ki te ārai i ngā pakarutanga mate utu nui me te whakaiti i ngā taumahatanga hauora, he kōwhiringa whai hua ēnei mō te wā roa—ina koa i roto i ngā kaupapa werohanga nui.

Ngā Painga o ngā Pūwero Mono Aunoa

He maha ngā painga o te whakamahi i ngā pūwero whakakore aunoa ki ngā pūnaha hauora, ki ngā tūroro, me ngā hapori:
Whakakore i te Whakawhitiwhiti-Parahanga:Mā te aukati i te whakamahinga anō, ka tino whakaitihia e ngā werohanga AD te mōrearea o te tuku i ngā mate urutā i waenga i ngā tūroro. He mea tino nui tēnei i ngā rohe he nui ngā mate pāwera, ā, ka taea e te werohanga kotahi te whakamahi anō te whakaoho i ngā pakarutanga.
Whakarei ake i te Haumaru o ngā Kaimahi Hauora:He maha ngā wā ka tūpono ngā kaiwhakarato hauora ki te werohanga o ngā ngira ina makahia ngā werohanga kua whakamahia. Mā te pūwero raka i roto i ngā werohanga AD ka noho puku te taputapu, ka whakaitihia ngā tūponotanga whakahaere i te wā e whakahaeretia ana ngā para.
Te Whakatutuki i ngā Paerewa o te Ao:Ko ngā whakahaere pēnei i a UNICEF me te WHO e whakahau ana kia whakakorehia aunoa ngā ngira mō te tuku kano kano i roto i ā rātou kaupapa. Mā te whakamahi i ēnei taputapu ka tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga o ngā ture o te ao mō ngā taonga hauora, ka māmā ake te uru atu ki ngā whatunga tuku taonga hauora o te ao.
Ka Whakaiti i ngā Mōrearea Para Hauora:He rerekē ki ngā ngira noa, e kore nei e whakamahia anōtia i mua i te whakakorenga, kua whakamanahia ngā ngira AD kia kotahi te whakamahinga. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te aroturuki i ngā para, ā, ka whakaitihia te taumahatanga ki ngā whare tukatuka para hauora.
Ka Hanga Whakawhirinaki a te Iwi: I roto i ngā hapori e kore ai e whai wāhi atu ki ngā kaupapa werohanga kano ārai mate te wehi kei werohia, ka whakaratohia e ngā ngira wetewete aunoa he taunakitanga kitea o te haumaru, e whakatairanga ana i te tutuki i ngā kaupapa hauora tūmatanui.

Te Tikanga Whakakore Aunoa i te Pūwero: Me Pēhea te Mahi

Ko te makutu o te ngira mono aunoa kei roto i tōna hangarau auaha. Ahakoa he rerekē ngā hoahoa i runga i te kaihanga, ko te tikanga matua e aro ana ki te nekehanga o te pūwero kore e taea te huri:
Te Whakaurunga o te Plunger me te Barrel:Kei te pūwero o te weronga AD tētahi pūwāhi ngoikore, he ripa raka rānei e taunekeneke ana ki te oko o roto. Ina pēhia te pūwero kia tukuna te horopeta katoa, ka whati, ka piko, ka hono rānei tēnei ripa ki tētahi kōpiko i roto i te oko.
Maukati Kore e taea te Whakahoki:Kia whakahohea, kāore e taea te hutia whakamuri te pūwero hei utu wai. I ētahi tauira, ka taea e te pūwero te wehe atu i tana tokotoko, kia kore ai e taea te neke atu. He mea āta whakaarohia tēnei hapa ā-mīhini, ā, he mea pumau tonu.
Whakaū Ā-Ata:He maha ngā ngira AD kua hangaia hei whakaatu i tētahi tohu tirohanga mārama—pērā i tētahi ripa e pupū ake ana, i tētahi pūwero piko rānei—e tohu ana kua whakamahia, kua monokia hoki te taputapu. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i ngā kaimahi hauora kia tere te manatoko i te haumaru.
He pakari tēnei tikanga hei tū atu ki ngā whakarerekētanga ā-tūpono, ā, he pono hoki ngā ngira AD ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao uaua e kore ai e onge, e kore rānei e whakahaeretia paitia ngā taonga hauora.

Ngā Whakamahinga o te Mono Aunoa i te Syringe

He maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā pūwero aunoa hei whakakore i ngā ngira, ā, he maha ngā āhuatanga hauora e whakamahia ana, e whakapūmau ana i tā rātou mahi hei taonga hauora nui:
Ngā Kaupapa Werohanga:Koinei te whiringa pai mō ngā werohanga ārai mate mō ngā tamariki (hei tauira, te polio, te rewharewha, me ngā kano ārai mate COVID-19) nā te mea ka taea e rātou te aukati i te whakamahinga anō i roto i ngā kaupapa nui.
Te Maimoatanga o ngā Mate Pirau:I ngā wāhi e rongoā ana i te HIV, te hepatitis, me ētahi atu mate toto rānei, ka ārai ngā ngira AD i te pānga me te horapa tūpono.
Hauora o te Whaea me te Tamaiti:I te wā e whānau ana, e tiaki ana rānei i ngā pēpi hou, ina koa he mea nui te kore tamariki, ka whakaitihia e ēnei ngira ngā mōrearea mō ngā whaea me ngā pēpi.
Ngā Tautuhinga Rauemi-Iti:I ngā rohe kāore i te nui te urunga atu ki ngā taputapu hauora, ki te whakangungu rānei, ka mahi ngā ngira AD hei ārai i te whakamahinga hē, ā, ka tiaki i ngā taupori whakaraerae.
Te Tiaki Niho me te Kararehe:Haunga te rongoā tangata, ka whakamahia hoki ēnei mō ngā mahi niho me te hauora kararehe hei pupuri i te kore tamariki me te ārai i te horapa o ngā mate.

Whakamutunga

Teaukati aunoa i te werohangaHe whanaketanga nui tēnei i roto i ngā taputapu hauora e pau ana, e whakakotahi ana i te haumaru, te pono, me te ngāwari o te whakamahi hei tiaki i te hauora tūmatanui o te ao. Mā te whakakore i te mōrearea o te whakamahinga anō, ka whakatikahia he āputa nui i roto i te haumaru hauora, inā koa i ngā rohe e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mekameka tuku hauora pumau.
Mō ngā kamupene tuku taonga hauora me ngā kaiwhakarato hauora, ehara i te mea he ture noa iho te whakatairanga i ngā werohanga AD—engari he whakapau kaha ki te whakaiti i ngā mate ka taea te ārai me te hanga pūnaha hauora pakari. I te mea kei te haere tonu te ao ki ngā wero hauora tūmatanui, ka nui haere te hiranga o te mahi a ngā werohanga aunoa ki te tiaki i ngā hapori.