【Ngā Ārai】

1) Te kore e pai mō te mahi pokanga i ngā āhuatanga whānui, te hinengaro, te tinana rānei

2) Ngā mate toto nui me ngā mate toto totoka.

3) He iti iho i te 3×109/L te maha o ngā pūtau toto mā

4) Mate pāwera ki ngā rauemi whakahāwea

5) Ka honoa ki te mate pūkahukahu aukati kino mau tonu.

6) Ngā tūroro e mōhiotia ana, e whakapaetia ana rānei he mate pāwera ki ngā rauemi kei roto i te kete taputapu.

7) Te kitea, te whakapae rānei o te mate pāwera e pā ana ki te taputapu, te mate huakita, te mate pāwera rānei.

8) Te rongoā irahiko ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana te weronga.

9) Te whakaahua, te werohanga rānei i ngā rongoā embolic.

 

【Te Rā i Hangaia】 Tirohia te tapanga hua

 

【Rā Paunga】 Tirohia te tapanga hua

 

【Tikanga tono】

1. Whakaritea te tauranga whakauru, tirohia mēnā kua hipa te rā paunga; tangohia te takai o roto, tirohia mēnā kua pakaru.
2. Me whakamahi i ngā tikanga ārai mate hei tapahi i te takai o roto, kātahi ka tangohia te hua hei whakarite mō te whakamahi.
3. E whakamāramahia ana te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu tauranga whakauru motuhake mō ia tauira penei.

 

MomoⅠ

1. Te horoi, te whakapūhautanga, te whakamātautau turuturu

Whakamahia he ngira (ngira mō te pūrere putanga whakauru) hei wero i te pūrere putanga whakauru, ka werohia he 5mL-10mL o te tote ā-tinana hei horoi i te nohoanga werohanga me te pūwero katire, kia kore ai e puta. Mēnā kāore he wai, he puhoi rānei te kitea, hurihia te pito tuku rongoā o te katire (pito tawhiti) mā te ringa hei whakatuwhera i te pūwero tuku rongoā; kātahi ka pikohia te pito tuku rongoā o te katire, ka pēhi tonu i te tote (kaua e neke atu i te 200kPa te pēhanga), tirohia mēnā he turuturu mai i te nohoanga werohanga me te hononga katire, i muri i te noho noa. I muri i te noho noa o ngā mea katoa, ka taea te whakamahi i te katire.

1. Te whakapūnga me te here

E ai ki te tirotiro i te wā o te pokanga, whakauruhia te catheter (te pito tuku rongoā) ki roto i te oko toto e tika ana, e ai ki te wāhi o te puku, ā, whakamahia he tuitui kore-mimiti hei here tika i te catheter ki te oko toto. Me here tika te catheter (kia rua, kia maha rānei ngā haerenga) ā, me whakau.

1. te chemotherapy me te hiri

Ka taea te werohanga i te rongoā chemotherapy i te wā o te pokanga kotahi, e ai ki te mahere maimoatanga; e taunakihia ana kia horoia te nohoanga werohanga me te pūwero catheter ki te 6-8 mL o te tote ā-tinana, ā, muri iho ka hiritia te catheter ki te 3mL ki te 5mL o te tote heparin i te 100U/mL ki te 200U/mL.

1. Te whakau i te nohoanga werohanga

Ka hangaia he kōhao kiri i raro i te kiri ki te wāhi tautoko, he 0.5 cm ki te 1 cm te tawhiti mai i te mata o te kiri, ā, ka whakanohoia te nohoanga werohanga ki roto i te kōhao, ka whakapūmau, ā, ka tuia te kiri i muri i te hemostasis tino pakari. Mēnā he roa rawa te catheter, ka taea te takai hei porowhita i te pito tata, ka whakapūmau tika.

 

Momo II

1. Te horoi me te whakaputa hau

Whakamahia he ngira (he ngira mō te pūrere whakatō) hei wero i te tote ki roto i te nohoanga weronga me te catheter hei horoi me te tango i te hau i roto i te lumen, ā, tirohia mēnā he maeneene te wai kawe i te ihu.

2. Te whakapūnga me te here

4. Whakamātautau turuturu

4. Kia oti te hononga, whakapikohia, ka kati te catheter i te tuara o te topenga raka, ā, me wero tonu te tote ki roto i te nohoanga werohanga mā te whakamahi i te ngira (ngira mō te taputapu tuku rongoā ka taea te whakauru) (pēhanga neke atu i te 200kPa). (pēhanga kaua e neke atu i te 200kPa), tirohia mēnā he turuturu mai i te poraka werohanga me te catheter.

hononga, ā, whakamahia i muri i te hokinga o ngā mea katoa ki te āhua noa.

5. Te rongoā matū, te ngongo hiri

Ka taea te werohanga i te rongoā chemotherapy i te wā o te pokanga kotahi, e ai ki te mahere maimoatanga; me horoi anō te turanga werohanga me te pūwero catheter ki te 6~8mL o te tote ā-tinana, kātahi ka whakamahia te 3mL~5mL o te tote ā-tinana.

Kātahi ka hiritia te katitere ki te 3mL ki te 5mL o te tote heparin i te 100U/mL ki te 200U/mL.

6. Te whakau i te nohoanga werohanga

I hangaia he kōhao pupū i raro i te kiri ki te wāhi tautoko, 0.5 cm ki te 1 cm mai i te mata o te kiri, ā, i whakanohoia te nohoanga werohanga ki roto i te kōhao, ka whakauhia, ā, i tuia te kiri i muri i te hemostasis tino.

 

Momo Ⅲ

I whakamahia he ngira (he ngira motuhake mō te taputapu whakatō) hei wero i te 10mL ~ 20mL o te tote noa ki roto i te taputapu tuku rongoā hei horoi i te nohoanga weronga me te kōhao o te catheter, hei tango i te hau i roto i te kōhao, me te tirotiro mēnā kāore te wai e puta.

2. Te whakapūnga me te here

E ai ki te tirotiro i mua i te pokanga, whakauruhia te katitere ki te pakitara o te puku, ā, me tomo te wāhanga tuwhera o te pito tuku rongoā o te katitere ki roto i te kōhao puku, kia tata rawa atu ki te ūnga o te pukupuku. Kōwhiria kia 2-3 ngā pūwāhi hei here me te whakau i te katitere.

3. rongoā mate pukupuku, ngongo hiri

Ka taea te werohanga i te rongoā chemotherapy i te wā o te pokanga kotahi, e ai ki te mahere maimoatanga, kātahi ka hiritia te ngongo ki te 3mL~5mL o te 100U/mL~200U/mL heparin saline.

4. Te whakau i te nohoanga werohanga

I hangaia he kōhao pupū i raro i te kiri ki te wāhi tautoko, 0.5 cm ki te 1 cm mai i te mata o te kiri, ā, i whakanohoia te nohoanga werohanga ki roto i te kōhao, ka whakauhia, ā, i tuia te kiri i muri i te hemostasis tino.

Te werohanga me te tiaki i te rongoā

A.Kia tino āraihia te kiri, kia tika te whiriwhiri i te wāhi e tū ai te weronga i mua i te weronga, me te patu huakita hoki i te wāhi i werongahia.B. I te wā e werohia ana, whakamahia he ngira mō te taputapu whakatō, he ngira 10 mL, neke atu rānei, me te maihao tohu o te ringa maui e pā ana ki te wāhi i werohia ai, me te koromatua e whakakoi ana i te kiri i a koe e mau ana i te nohoanga werohanga, me te ringa matau e pupuri poutū ana i te ngira ki roto i te ngira, me te karo i te wiri, te hurihuri rānei, me te wero mārire i te tote 5 mL~10 mL ina ahua taka ana, ā, ka pā te pito o te ngira ki raro o te nohoanga werohanga, ka tirohia mēnā he maeneene te pūnaha tuku rongoā (ki te kore e maeneene, me tirotiro tuatahi mēnā kua āraia te ngira). Tirohia mēnā he pikinga o te kiri e karapoti ana i te wā e pana ana.

C. Pēhia mārire te rongoā chemotherapy i muri i te whakaū kāore he hapa. I te wā e pēhia ana, kia tūpato ki te tirotiro mēnā kei te teitei, kei te mā rānei te kiri e karapoti ana, me te tirotiro mēnā he mamae ā-rohe. I muri i te pēhia o te rongoā, me pupuri mō te 15 ki te 30 hēkona.

D. I muri i ia werohanga, me horoi te nohoanga werohanga me te rūma o te katita ki te 6~8mL o te tote ā-tinana, kātahi ka hiritia te katita ki te 3mL~5mL o te 100U/mL~200U/mL o te tote heparin, ā, ina werohia te 0.5mL whakamutunga o te tote heparin, me pana te rongoā i a ia e hoki whakamuri ana, kia whakakīia ai te pūnaha whakauru rongoā ki te tote heparin hei ārai i te tioata o te rongoā me te toto totoka i roto i te katita. Me horoi te katita ki te tote heparin i ia 2 wiki i te wā o te chemotherapy.

E. Whai muri i te werohanga, horoia te kanohi o te ngira ki te paturopi rongoā, taupokina ki te takai parakore, ā, kia tupato ki te pupuri i te wāhi o te ngira kia ma, kia maroke hoki hei ārai i te mate i te wāhi i werohia.

F. Kia aro ki te tauhohenga a te tūroro i muri i te hoatutanga o te rongoā, me te āta tirotiro i te wā e werohia ana te rongoā.

 

【Whakatūpato, whakatūpato me ngā ihirangi whakaaro nui】

1. Ka whakahoromatatia tēnei hua ki te ethylene oxide, ā, e toru tau te roa o tōna mana.
2. Pānuihia te pukapuka tohutohu i mua i te whakamahinga hei whakarite i te haumaru o te whakamahinga.
3. Me tutuki te whakamahinga o tēnei hua i ngā whakaritenga o ngā ture mahi me ngā ture e pā ana ki te rāngai hauora, ā, ko te whakaurunga, te whakahaere me te tango i ēnei taputapu me herea ki ngā tākuta whaimana anake. Ko te whakaurunga, te whakahaere me te tango i ēnei taputapu me herea ki ngā tākuta whaimana anake, ā, ko te tiaki i muri i te ngongo me mahi e ngā kaimahi hauora whai tohu.
4. Me whakahaere te tukanga katoa i raro i ngā tikanga aseptic.
5. Tirohia te rā paunga o te hua me te takai o roto mō ngā kino i mua i te tikanga.
6. I muri i te whakamahinga, ka pā mai pea he tūponotanga kino ki te koiora i te hua. Me whai i ngā tikanga hauora kua whakaaetia me ngā ture me ngā whakaritenga katoa e pā ana ki te whakahaere me te maimoatanga.
7. Kaua e whakamahi i te kaha nui rawa i te wā e whakauruhia ana te ngongo, ā, whakauruhia te uaua kia tika, kia tere hoki hei karo i te vasospasm. Mena he uaua te whakaurunga o te ngongo, whakamahia ō maihao ki te huri i te catheter mai i tetahi taha ki tetahi taha i te wā e whakauruhia ana te ngongo.
8. Me tika te roa o te katitere e whakaurua ana ki roto i te tinana. Mēnā he roa rawa, ka ngāwari te piko ki te koki, ka kore e pai te hau. Mēnā he poto rawa, ka taea te pakaru mai i te oko toto ina nui te nekehanga o te tūroro.
9. Me whakauru te katitere ki roto i te oko toto me ngā here e rua neke atu, me te piri tika hoki kia maeneene ai te weronga rongoā, kia kore ai hoki e paheke te katitere.
10. Mena he momo II te taputapu tauranga ka taea te whakauru, me pūmau te hononga i waenga i te katitere me te nohoanga werohanga. Mena kāore e hiahiatia he werohanga rongoā i te wā e pokanga ana, me whakamahi te werohanga tote noa hei whakaū i mua i te tuitui i te kiri.
11. Ina wehea te wāhi kiri raro i te kiri, me mahi tata te hemostasis hei karo i te hanganga o te hematoma ā-rohe, te kohikohi wai, te mate tuarua rānei i muri i te pokanga; me karo te tuitui vesicular i te nohoanga werohanga.
12. Ka taea e ngā piripiri hauora α-cyanoacrylate te whakakino i te rauemi turanga weronga; kaua e whakamahia ngā piripiri hauora α-cyanoacrylate i te wā e rongoatia ana te tapahi pokanga huri noa i te turanga weronga. Kaua e whakamahia ngā piripiri hauora α-cyanoacrylate i te wā e mahi ana i ngā tapahi pokanga huri noa i te turanga weronga.
13. Kia tino tūpato kia kore ai e turuturu te catheter nā te whara tūpono mai i ngā taputapu pokanga.
14. I te wā e werohia ana, me wero poutū te ngira, me whakamahi he ngira he 10mL, neke atu rānei te rahi, me wero mārire te rongoā, ā, me tango te ngira i muri i te wā poto. Kaua te pēhanga pana e neke ake i te 200kPa.
15. Whakamahia noa ngā ngira motuhake mō ngā taputapu tuku rongoā ka taea te whakatō.
16. Mēnā e hiahiatia ana he werohanga roa ake, he whakakapinga rongoā rānei, he mea tika kia whakamahia he taputapu tuku rongoā ka taea te whakatō kotahi te whakamahinga me te ngongo, te ngira werohanga motuhake, te tī rānei, hei whakaiti i te maha o ngā poka, me te whakaiti i te pānga ki te tūroro.
17. Whakaitihia te maha o ngā poka, whakaitihia te kino ki te uaua o te tūroro me ngā wāhanga rapa e hiri ana i a ia anō. I te wā e mutu ai te werohanga rongoā, me werohanga te rongoā ārai toto kotahi i ia rua wiki.
18. He hua kotahi te whakamahinga o tēnei hua, he hua parakore, kāore e pāngia e te mate pukupuku, ka whakangaromia i muri i te whakamahinga, ā, kāore e whakaaetia kia whakamahia anō.
19. Mena kua pakaru te takai o roto, kua hipa rānei te rā paunga o te hua, whakahokia mai ki te kaihanga hei whakakore atu.
20. Kaua e neke atu i te 2000 (22Ga) te maha o ngā poka mō ia poraka werohanga. 21.
21. Ko te rahinga horoi iti rawa he 6ml